溶出固形物对软米硬度和黏弹性的影响

以粳米和糯米为对照,研究了溶出固形物对软米硬度和黏弹性的影响。分析发现软米溶出固形物质量分数为11.85%,显著高于粳米和糯米(P<0.05),与弹性显著正相关(P<0.05)；与粳米和糯米相比,软米中的固形物直支链淀粉比最低,利于形成连续凝胶网结构。此外,软米溶出淀粉侧链中聚合度为6~12的短链A链比例最高,赋予其较好的黏弹性。质构和流变分析结果表明:除溶出固形物后,软米的硬度显著增加,黏硬比和弹性显著降低。扫描电子显微镜结果表明:除溶出固形物后米粒表面粗糙、凹凸不平,有明显的孔洞；软米表面所形成的渔网状孔洞状结构能够对饭粒起到支撑作用,使得整个饭粒弹性更好。溶出固形物含量、组成、分子结构及其在米饭表面分布的差异是软米较低硬度和较好黏弹性优势产生的主要原因。     

基于CWD和残差收缩网络的调制方式识别方法

针对低信噪比时莱斯信道下特征提取准确性难以保证、识别准确率偏低等问题, 提出一种基于Choi-Williams分布(Choi-Williams distribution, CWD)和深度残差收缩网络(deep residual shrinkage network, DRSN)的通信辐射源信号调制方式识别方法。利用CWD将时域复信号转换为二维时频矩阵, 对深度残差网络添加软阈值化得到DRSN, 将时频矩阵样本用于对DRSN的训练, 最终构建不同信噪比下的调制方式识别网络。仿真实验表明, 基于RadioML2016.10a数据集, 利用部分先验信息的情况下, 该分类识别方法具有较高的识别准确率和噪声鲁棒性。在0 dB时, 对11类信号的总体识别准确率达到了89.95%;在2 dB以上时, 总体识别准确率均超过91%, 优于其他深度学习识别方法。     

可重构智能面辅助的低精度量化大规模MIMO系统的信道估计

针对可重构智能面辅助的低精度量化的大规模多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output, MIMO)系统中信道估计问题进行了研究。该系统的信道估计难点在于可重构智能面由近无源反射天线构成, 没有基带信号处理能力。系统观测值通过低精度的模数转换器量化使信道估计问题变得更富挑战性。本文基于基站-可重构智能面-用户的级联信道推导出等效信道, 并证明在虚拟角域上，该有效信道是结构稀疏信号。提出了基于期望最大化的近邻学习广义近似消息传递算法，从低精度量化的观测值中恢复等效信道。仿真结果表明所提出算法比传统算法具有更好的性能表现。     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

相参频率捷变雷达目标稀疏重建性能边界综述

相比频率固定的脉冲多普勒体制, 频率捷变体制在抗干扰方面具有显著优势。但在该体制下, 基于匹配滤波的信号处理算法存在旁瓣平台问题, 难以与动目标检测兼容。压缩感知理论将目标参数估计建模作为欠定方程求解, 为该问题提供了解决思路。在相参频率捷变雷达中, 压缩感知能否准确重建目标是一个基础性问题。本文梳理了针对该问题的相关研究, 借助相变理论与相变曲线的解析表达式, 定量描述了捷变频雷达重建目标的成功概率与主要系统和目标参数之间的关系; 该理论性能边界与仿真实际所能达到的性能相接近。此外, 还探讨了现有成果在实际应用中的价值, 展望了未来研究方向。     

Optical sensing of explosives in wastewater by competitive complexation

A facile strategy for optical sensing of explosives with the assistance of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine(MEL) in aqueous solution is proposed. Upon exposure to MEL, the electron-sufficient amino group in MEL was prone to form complexes with electron-deficient nitro group in explosives. The interaction could be tuned by the amount of MEL to fully consumed nitro-contained explosives dissolved in wastewater, thus prevented the gold nanoparticles(GNPs) from combining with MEL. In comparison with common detection method, the dose-response curve procedure reported here was in good linear relationship from 0 μM to 80 μM with good correlation factor(R~2= 0.9871), and was satisfactorily agreed with the proposed theoretical model. The detection limit(Lo D) was1.1 μM by spectrometer, 3.0 μM visualized by naked eyes and 21.3 nM by calculation. The procedure described in this study could be finished within a few minutes and showed its effectiveness in explosive detection upright on the gold surface in real wastewater, making this proposed method a powerful tool in several sensing platforms.     

Re-situating fieldwork and re-narrating disciplinary history in global mega-geomorphology

In 1985, more than thirty geomorphologists, planetary scientists, and remote sensing specialists gathered at a conference center in Oracle, Arizona, to discuss an emerging area of research that they called “mega-geomorphology.” Building on a conference of the same name held in London in 1981, they argued that new techniques of remote sensing and insights emerging from the study of extraterrestrial planets had created opportunities for geomorphology to broaden its spatial and temporal scope. This new approach was, however, neither unproblematic nor uncontested. In the discussions around mega-geomorphology that took place in the mid-1980s, the perceived conflict between the use of remote-sensing techniques to observe phenomena on vast spatial scales, on one hand, and the disciplinary centrality of fieldwork and field experience to geomorphology, on the other, was a recurrent theme. In response, mega-geomorphologists attempted to re-situate fieldwork and re-narrate disciplinary histories in such a way as to make remote sensing and planetary science not only compatible with geomorphological traditions but also means of revitalizing them. Only partially successful, these attempts reveal that the process of adopting a planetary perspective in geomorphology, as in other earth sciences, was neither straightforward nor inevitable. They also show how the field and fieldwork could remain central to geomorphology while also being extensively revised in light of new technical possibilities and theoretical frameworks.     

基于φ-OTDR光纤振动传感系统模式识别方法

提出一种基于相位敏感光时域反射计(φ-OTDR)的光纤振动传感系统, 提取信号的主波能量、 主瓣时延、 主波峰峰值、 主波Q值、 频谱、 3 dB时延、 主瓣峰值、 中心频率、 二次回波损耗、 波数和半波长度11种特征参量作为参考衡量标准, 用多参量模糊评价矩阵的目标识别方法, 对5组200次实验进行相似目标识别分类. 结果表明,  该方法通过多角度参量进行目标衡量判别, 综合识别率达90.87%, 提高了相似识别的准确性.     

Compressive sensing based multiuser detector for massive MBM MIMO uplink

Media based modulation(MBM)is expected to be a prominent modulation scheme,which has access to the high data rate by using radio frequency(RF)mirrors and fewer transmit antennas.Associated with multiuser multiple input multiple output(MIMO),the MBM scheme achieves better performance than other conventional multiuser MIMO schemes.In this paper,the massive MIMO uplink is considered and a conjunctive MBM transmission scheme for each user is employed.This conjunctive MBM transmission scheme gathers aggregate MBM signals in multiple continuous time slots,which exploits the structured sparsity of these aggregate MBM signals.Under this kind of scenario,a multiuser detector with low complexity based on the compressive sensing(CS)theory to gain better detection performance is proposed.This detector is developed from the greedy sparse recovery technique compressive sampling matching pursuit(CoSaMP)and exploits not only the inherently distributed sparsity of MBM signals but also the structured sparsity of multiple aggregate MBM signals.By exploiting these sparsity,the proposed CoSaMP based multiuser detector achieves reliable detection with low complexity.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CoSaMP based multiuser detector achieves better detection performance compared with the conventional methods.     

基于无人机遥感的绿化园林三维绿量估算与分析——以福州大学校区为例

三维绿量能够从立体空间上描述城市绿地的空间分布和定量评价城市绿化的环境效益。本文以福州大学为研究区，探讨了利用可见光无人机影像估算绿化树木三维绿量的方法，并对校园生态效益进行定量分析。首先获取高于10cm分辨率的无人机可见光遥感影像；其次结合可见光波段的光谱特征与无人机数据点云的高程特征获得研究区的冠层高度模型；然后通过局部最大值算法与标记控制分水岭算法提取单木树高、株数以及冠径参数，通过野外实测数据构建“树高-冠高”关系模型得到冠高；最后结合树种分布情况，按照不同的树冠形状构建三维绿量估算模型，并基于三维绿量估算校园不同树种的生态效益。结果表明：研究区内三维绿量总量达到了804405m3，其中休闲区的三维绿量总量为428566m3，占总绿量的53.3%，而科技园区的三维绿量总量为26568m3，仅占总绿量的3.3%；而常见树种中，三维绿量贡献最大的为榕树，达到404405m3，占三维绿量总量的50.3%，而丹桂贡献的三维绿量仅为509m3，占总绿量的0.063%。研究认为：基于无人机遥感数据，能够较好的估算出研究区内绿化树木的三维绿量。